Nut-making machine.



No. 895,976. PATENTED AUG. 11, 1908.

U. G. DAVIS. NUT MAKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED mm, 1907.

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PATENTED AUG. 11, 1908.

H m Q w U. G. DAVIS. NUT MAKING MACHINE. APPLIUATION FILED JAN 2, 1907 N 895 976. PATENTED AU o U G. DAVIS. G 11, 1908 NUT MAKING MACHINE. APPLIOATION.PILED urns, 1907.

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f/VVENTOA Affomeys U G DAVIS. PATBNTEDAUG, 11 19 NUT MAKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1907.

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No 895 976. I PATBNTEDYAUGi 111908.

U. G.-DA\LIS.

' NUT MAKING MACHINE.

- APPLIOATIOH rmm JAN. 2,1907.

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PATH I U. G. DAVIS. NTED AUG 11, 1908 NUT MAKING MACHINE. urnouion mum mi. 2, 1907.

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Affomeys ULYSSES G. DAVIS, or PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

NUT-:MAKING MACHINE Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed January 2, 1907. Serial No. 350,423.

Patented Aug. 1 1, 1908.

therein to the accompanying drawing. 10

This invention relates to nut making machines, designed for continuously producing nuts of a square, octagon, 0r hexagon contour or similar shape.

The invention has for its primary object to rovide a machine of the above type wherein blank forming rolls and revoluble punch and diecarrying heads are employed for continuously producing perfectly formed nuts.

The invention further aims to rovide a strong, durable and easily operate machine having positive and reliable means for effectin a'blank formation and the punching of said blanks.

The invention in its broadest aspect involves available means for rapidly producing a nut from a suitable blank, the roduction of said nut being easily and uicl ly accomplished during the o eration 0 forming other nuts. To this end, have devised a machine embodying a plurality of structural elements which when combined produce a safe and comparatively inexpensive machine.

The principal elements of the invention, namely a base plate and bearings, blank forming and feeding rolls, roll operating mechanisms, a cut-off head, a crowning head, together with the general operation of these elements,-will be hereinafter separately and s ecifically described in detail, together with tie novel arrangement and objects accomplished from such a combination of elements.

The preferred embodiments of my invention are illustrated in the drawings accompanying this specification; but I desire it to e understood that the same are susceptible to various changes without departing from the scope of the invention.

Reference now being had to the drawings accompanying this s ecification, similar numerals of reference esignate corresponding parts throughout the several views in which Figure 1 is a lan of my improved maallyillustrated, Fig. 2 is a side e evation of the same, Fig. 3 is a plan view on a reduced scale of the base plate of the machine, Fig. 4

is an end view of the machine,;Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the for'min and feeding rolls of the machine on the lme 66 of Fig. 1, Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view of a portion of the machine illustrati the intermittent actuating mechanism of t e forming and feeding rolls, Fig. 7 is a lon itudinal sectional view on an enlarged sca e of one-half of the cut-off and crowning heads, Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view enlargedof one of the heads taken on the line xx of Fig. 7, Fig. 9 is a fragmentary plan view enlar ed of one of the heads, Fig. 10 is an end v1ew of the crowning head of the machine, Fig. 11 is a side elevation of the same, Fig. 12 is a lan of one of the unch actuating cams carrie by the crowning ead, Fig. 13 is an end view of the same, Fig. 14 is a developed view of a portion of the crowning head, Fig. 15 is an edge view of the punch actuating cam illustrated in Figs. 12 and 13, Fig. 16 is a plan of a portion of the crowning head illustrating the seat for the punch actuating cam, Fig. 17 is a detail sectional View of one of the forming and feeding rolls of the machine, Fig. 18 is an elevation of the form of blanks from which the nuts are roduced, Fig. 19 is an end view of one of the hearings of the machine, Fig. 20 is a developed'viewof a portion of the cut-off head of the machine, Fig. 21 is an endlview of the cut-off head, Fig. 22 is a plan of-the same, Fig. 23 is an end view "of a portion of one of the heads, Fig. 24' is an end v1ew of one of the die slides employed on the machine, Fig. 25 is a side elevation, and Fig. 26 is a plan view of the same, Fig. 27 is a plan view of one of the piercer slides employed on the machine, Fig. 28 is a side elevation of the same, Fig. 29-"is a diagrammatic view illustrating the various operations of forming a nut by my improved machine, Fig. 30 is a plan of the crowning head bearing of the machine.

In the production of nuts by my improved machine, I produce. strips of'metal approximately of the de th and width of the nuts to be formed, and eed saidstrips through the feeding and forming rolls of my improved machine. In case a rectangular nut is-to be formed, ordinary feed rolls are used; but where hexagon, octagon or other shaped nuts are to be produced, they are partially formed between a pair of rolls especially constructed to produce. two or more sides of the nut. After a nut blank has been properly treated by the forming rolls, it is gripped and moved in alinement with two dies, one of said dies severing the blank from its strip and forcing it into-the crowning head or end of my machine. While in said head, plungers are actuated to provide the blank with a web, and another operation causes one of said plungers to recede, while its associate-plunger moves forward and severs the web portion of the blank, the blankbeing retained within the crowning head by dies while the web portion is being removed. In a still further operation, the pierced and crowned blank is removed from the'crowning head while one of the dies recedes and allows the web or scrap to dro into a suitable receptacle or waste chute ocated upon or beneath the machine.

The mechanism by which the various steps of producing a nut is accomplished consists o the following elements, which will now be separately described.

The base plate and bearings-The foundation of my improved machine consists principally of a base plate 1 having piercedlugs 2, whereby it-may be secured to a foundation bed. The base plate 1 at its ends. is provided with raised and slotted seats 3 for a cutting head bearing 4 and a crowning head bearing 5. These bearings are bolted or otherwise secured to the base plate 1, and each bearing is provided with a central opening 6 having brasses or bushings 7 mounted therein. The bearings 4 and 5 are connected together by a tie rod 9 secured in upwardly extending pierced lugs 10 carried by said bearings.

Upon the front edge of the base plate 1 is a 1 slotted seat 11 to which is secured a founda tion frame 12 adapted to support the housings 14 of the feeding and forming rolls of the machine.

In connection with the base plate and its bearings I use two standards 15 and 16, the standard 15 being provided with two journal boxes 17 and 18, while the standard 16 is formed with one journal box 19. The standard 15 is located at the endof the base plate 1 contiguous to the cutting-off head bearing of the machine, the opening formed by the journal box 18 alining with the openings 6 of the bearings 4 and 5. The standard 16 is mounted adjacent to the standard 15 and with its journal box opening alining with thg opening of the journal box 17 of the standar 15.

The blank forming and feeding roZZs.The housings 14 are of a conventional form commonly used for adjustably supporting rolls, and in said housings are adj ustably mounted bearing blocks 20 revolubly supporting shafts 21 and 22, carrying rolls 23 and 24 respectively. The rolls 23 and 24, as illustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawings, are designed simply as feed rolls, the roll 24 being provided with a peripheral groove to receive a similar tongue carried by the roll 23, the groove and tongue providing a pass through which strips of metal are fed to the nut forming mechanism.

The rolls 23 and 24 are employed during the Fig. 18 of the drawings are all connected and partially formed, said blanks being severed and upset, to produce a perfect nut as will be hereinafter described. 4

The housings 14 upon their front sides are provided with a funnel-shaped guide 29, (the guide being removed in Fig. 2 andshown in Fig. 5,) whilethe rear sides of the housings 'are provided with a'guide 30, said guides extending inwardly beneath the'roll 23 in close.

proximity to the pass of the rolls,.whereby a strip of metal entering the uide 29 will ass between the rolls and into t e guide 30, mm whence it is carried to a point to be gripped and operated upon by the remainder of my machine. 7

Roll operating mechanism.The cut-off head bearing 4 is provided with a bracket 31 having journal boxes 32 for the prolonged end of the shaft 22 of the roll 24. Upon said shaft intermediate the inner one of the j ournal boxes 32 and the housings 14 is slidably keyed a clutch member 33, said member be-' ing adapted to mesh with a clutch member 35, carried by a spur wheel 36 fixed upon the shaft 22. The shaft 22 is also prolonged upon the opposite end of the housings 14 an l is provided with av hand wheel 37 whereby the rolls 23 and 24 may be rotated to properly position a strip of metal to be'operated upon by the remainder; of my improved machine. The roller 23' is mounted on a shaft 21, and rotary movement is transmitted to the shaft 21 through the medium of a spur wheel 38 carried by said shaft and meshing with the spur wheel 36.

To move the clutch member 33, I provide the supporting frame 12 of the housings 14 with guide brackets 39 for a clutch operating lever 40. One end of the lever is provided with a suitable handle 41 While the opposite end of the lever is connected to a stirrup 42 loosely connected to the clutch member 33.

To move the clutch member 33 in and out of engagement with the clutch member 35, the lever 40 is reciprocated.

The rolls 23 and 24 are intermittently actuated, and to accomplish such a movement of sa1d rolls, I provide the end of the shaft 22 beyond the bracket 31 with alternately actuating ratchet mechanisms. The shaft 22 is 'providedwith a ratchet 43, andswin ing on the shaft 22, as will be obvious, to produce the required intermittent movement of the feed rollers. The stub shaft 45 carries a spur wheel 46 meshing with a spur wheel 47 keyed upon a shaft 48, said shaft being journaled in the brasses or bushin 7 of the head bearings14 and 5 and in the ournal box 18 of the standard 15. Upon the shaft 48 contiguous to the standard 15 is keyed a large spur wheel 49, said spur wheel meshing with a small spur wheel 50 secured upon the end of a shaft 51' journaled in the boxes 17 and 19 of the standards 15 and 16 respectively. The shaft 51 is driven through the medium of belt wheels 52 mounted upon said shaft be- .tween the standards 15 and 16, or it may be driven directly or indirectly from an electrical source of energy.

The cut-01f head.The cut-off head com prises three members, two of which 6689 are keyed upon the shaft 48, while the third member 53 is preferably formed integral with the cut-off head bearing 4 and is formed with annular collars or flanges 54 and 54, the outer faces of said collars or flanges forming camsurfaces or shoulders designated respectively 55 and 56, these parts to. be designated as a punch groove and a die groove respectively. These grooves are annular, except at one point located at approximately an angle of forty-five degrees with relation to the vertical axis of the cu't-ofi head bearing 4. At this point the punch groove 55 is formed with a punch-outgoing wear surface 57 and a punch-receding cam surface 58, the apex or turning point of these surfaces being formed. by a cam block 59 ..detachably mounted in the shoulder of the punch groove 55. I

The die groove '56 is formed with a dieoutgoing cam surface, 60, a straight cam surface 61, and with a die-receding cam surface 62. .The cam surface 60 is provided with a detachable cam block 63, seating in the shoulder ofthe die groove 56, this also being true in connection with the receding cam surface 62, which is provided with a detachable wear block 64 and an auxiliary wear block 65. The blocks 59, 63, 64 and 65 are made of steel having an indurate surface capable of withstanding considerable wear before being renewed. The block 64 is illus- By this means,

trated more particularly in Figs. 12, 13 and 15. This block is wedge-shaped and provided with guides 64 to support the block detachably in the body of the bearing 4, as shown in Fig. 20, and a recess 64 to accommodate the auxiliary hearing block 65. It will be observed that the block 64 extends over the punch groove 55 to the die groove 56, therefore itis necessary that the block 64 be grooved as at 64 to provide a clear and continuous passage in the'punch groove 55. I The member 66 of the cut-off head is formed hexagon shaped externally, the several sides of said member having dove-tail shaped guide ways 67 formed therein, which are each provided in their bottoms with a roller housing recess 68 and a web recess 69 ad'acent to one end of the bearing 4.

hhdably mounted in each one of the guide Ways 67 of the member 66 is a die actuating slide 70, one end of'said slide being formed with a roller or cam housing 71, reinforced by a web 72 adapted to enter the recess 69 when the die slide 70 is in one position. In the housing 71 is journaled a roller or cam 73 adapted to bear uponthe shoulder of the die groove 56. The journal pin 74 of said roller 0r .cam projects towards the shaft 48 and bears upon the inner side of said groove. The

slides 70 are formed with dove-tail shaped guide ways 75, plunger guides 76, and die guides 77. In the guide ways 75 of the slide 70- are mounted punch actuating slides 78 having'a housing 79 fora roller or cam 80, similar to the die. actuating slide 70, said roller or cam bearing. against the shoulder of the punch groove 55. The punch actuating.

slide 78 is provided with a bearing 81 for a punch 82, said punch being secured in the bearing 81 by a set screw 83.

through a die 84 mounted in a box 85, carried within the die guides 77 of the die actuating slide 70. The box is retained within the guide 77 by a plate 86 and screw bolts 87, said screw bolts engaging in the die actuating slide 70 upon each side of the box 85. In order that the die 84 can have a firm bearing in its actuating slide 70, I preferably make the lower section of the box 85 of greater length than the uppermost section; Thus far it will be observed that the member 66 carries six die-actuating slides and dies and six punch actuating slides and punches, all of which are independently actuated and controlled by the slide and punch grooves of the cut-off head bearing. The dies 84 are de- The punch 82 extends also through the guide 76 andsaid die plate having shouldered openings 90 formed therein adapted to aline with the guide box 85 of the member 66and receive the ends of the guides 84 and the plunges 82. The shouldered openings 90-of the die plate 89 are provided with solid or two-part die blocks 91, through whichthe dies 84 pass,

' only structural differences between the cutoff head and crowning head reside in the cam ooves and the dies for crowning the nuts fiiefore their com letion.

The annulars oulders and flanges of the I bearingf are formed with a die groove 95 and a punc groove 96. The grooves are annular with the exception of one point located at a point approximately at an a le of forty-five degrees to the vertical axis 0 the bearing 5,

' and approximately in longitudinal alinement the die groove 95 with the cam surfaces of the punch and die grooves upon the cut-off end of the machine. The die groove 95 is formed with an angular cam or roller surface 97 for forcing the die inwardly, a straight surface 98 and a cam or roller surface 99 forforcing the die outwardly,

these surfaces bein formed upon one side of y a cam wear block 100 detachably mounted in the shoulder of said groove. 1

The punch groove 96 is formed with a cam or roller receding surface 101, a primary cam or roller projectin -surface 102, and a secondary cam or rol er projectin surface 103, all of which are formed by a filock 104 detachably and resiliently mounted in the crowning head bearing. The block 104-is recessed to accommodate auxiliary wear blocks 108 and 109. I As the block 109 in its entirety performs a very important function in connection with the production of nuts by my improved machine, I resiliently retain the same within the crowning head hearing by a spring 110, said spring bein secured to the end of the bearing 5 directly eneath the pierced lug 10 thereof by screw bolts 106, as shown in Fig. 30. The function of this spring will be morefully set forth hereinafter.

Geziftzlbperation.1n order that the o era'tion of the nut making machine may fie fully understood, have indicated approximately five different points (see Fig.5) where the steps of forming a nut take 'place,these steps being designated-A, B, G, D, and E, and have also illustrated these various steps in Fig. 29. From the position of these points it will be observed that the crowning and cutof! heads rotate but a slight distance from the time a nut blank is received ,to the time it is finished, and that a proximately four sets of the dies and punches are idle while the remaining punches and dies are operating. Assuming t at hexagon shaped nuts are to be formed and that suitable strips of metal have been provided, one strip at a time is fed between ,the rolls 23 and 24. As it passes through the guide 29 and is impinged by said rolls, the nut blanks as illustrated in Fig. 18, are formed and fed through the guide 30 to the oint A between the cut-off and crowning hea s of the machine. About this time, the die 84'u on the cut-off side'of the machine is actuate( by the die outgoing cam or roller surface 60, through the medium of the die slide 70. The punch 82 remains stationary during the movement of the die 84. As the die 84 engages the first nut blank, at the point A, it is pressed and held against the crowning head, carried forward to the point B and forced into the die blocks 91 of the crowning head of the machine, this movement of the first blank 27 and the dies 84 causing said blank to be severed from the remaining nut blanks. This is accomplished by the sharp and abrupt edges of the die blocks 91 carried by the crowning head of the machine.

The complete operation just described is in',

dicated at B (Fig. 29), and the next step in the formation of a nut occurs at the point C (Fig. 5).

When comparing the operations in connection with Figs. 20 and 14, it should be borne in mind that the cut-off head (Fig. 20),

is rotating in the direction of the arrow of said figure, while the crowning head (Fig. 14) is rotating in the direction of the arrow of said figure. At the point C the dies 84 of the cut-off head and the crowning head are held stationary. The punch 820i the crowning head is moved outwardly by the cam outgoingi/surface 103, this being accomplished thfo'ugltthe medium of the punch actuating slide 78 of the crowning head. Simultaneous with this movement, the unch 82 of the cut-off head is moved forwau by the cam or roller outgoing surface 57 of the cut-off head, said movementbeing accom lished through the medium of the punch Sll( e 78. The out wardmovement of the punches 82 provides the nut blank 27 with a web 111.

In forming the web 111, the nut blank 27 heads remaining stationary. The punch 82 of the crowning head is moved outwardly by the cam or roller surface 102, this movement being accom lished through the medium of the punch s ide 78 of the crowning head. The punch severs the web 111 and-forces said web into the die 84 upon the cutoff side of the machine. This is permitted bythe.

punch 82 of the cut-off head receding when traveling down the cam or roller receding surface 58 of the cut-off head. The heads of themaohine now move to the oint E, where a double movement takes place upon the crowning side of the machine. and a single movement upon the cut-off end of the machine. The punch 82 of the crowning head is moved rearwardly, through the medium of the punch slide v78 engaging the cam or roller receding surface 101 of the crowning head. The die 84 of the crowning head is moved forward by the. die slide engaging the die outgoing cam or roller surface 99 of the crowning head. The outward movement of the die 84 of the crowning head ejects the nut blank from the die blocks 91, allowing the same to drop between the heads of the machine in to a suitable receptacle or chute placed beneath the point E. Upon the cutofi side of the machine, the punch 82 stands stationary while the die 84 containing the severed web 111 is moved rearwardly, through the medium of the die roller orcam receding surface 62 of the cut-off head. This movement of the die 84 causes the severed web 11 to impinge the punch 82 of the cut-off head, and'as the die surrounding said unch recedes beyond the end of the punc the severed web will be removed from the die 84 and permitted to. drop between the cut oif and crowning heads of the machine. A further movement of the heads of the machine causes the die slide 70 of the crownin head to move rearwardly through the medlum of the die cam and roller receding surface 97, this movement of the die slide placing the die 84 in its normal position, where it remains until the heads have almost completed a revolution, when the dies and unches just described will again be placed in operation at the point A.

I resiliently mount the cam 109 in the crowning head owing to the fact that it may be necessary for said cam to recede when a nut blank is being provided with the web 11 at the point C. I have found by actual experiment that some nut blanksare more tenacious than others and more difficult to upset or expand at this point of the operation, therefore in order to prevent the punches 82, the dies 84, ortheir mechanism, from being broken, I resiliently hold the cam 109. V

In using the eccentric 44 and the ratchet mechanism 43, an intermittent movement is imparted to the feed and forming rolls 23 and 24, this bein essential in order that the.

punches and ies of the cut-off heads of the machine may be successively moved into position to grip a blank projecting from the guide 30 of the feed or forming rolls. From the foregoing description, it will b observed that I have devised a novel ma-' chine having a mechanism for feeding and forming equally spaced nut blanks, and revo luble heads or members mounted in advance of said mechanism for compressing said blanks, providing the blanks with webs, and then punching said blanks, said heads. or members embodying a plurality of circumferentially arranged die blocks or sockets in which dies and punches are operated.

It it obvious that any desired number of die blanks or sockets, together with dies and punches can be used in connection with each head or member of the machine.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is V 1. In an'apparatus of the class described, a supporting base, spaced bearings carried by said base, a stationary cut-off head member and a stationary crowning head member carried by said base and provided respectively with spaced cam faces, a shaft journaled in said bearings, movable cut-off head membersand movable crowning .head members carried by said shaft and rotative therewith, die slides spaced apart and movably disposed in the movable portions of said cut-off head members and crowning head members, a plurality of dies movably-mounted in said die slides and adapted to be operated by saidcam faces, a plurality of punches movable through said dies and adapted to be operated by other of said cam faces, and means for continuously rotating said shaft and the members carried thereby.

2. In an apparatus of the class described,

a sup orting base, spaced bearings'carried by said ase and provided respectively with a stationary cut-off head member and a stationary crowning head member provided respectively with spaced cam faces, a shaft journale through said bearings, a movable cut-off head member and a movable. crowning head member carried by said shaft and provided with spaced peripheral guide ways, die slides movably-engaging said guide ways and formed with longitudinal guide ways,

said die slides provided with-bearing rollers adapted to engage said cam faces, punches movable through said die slides and provided with bearing rollers adapted to engage said cam faces, tubular dies detachably supported in said die slides and through which said punches are movable, and means for continuously rotatin said shaft andthe members carried there y.

3. In an apparatus of the character described, a supporting base, spaced bearings carried by said base and provided respectively with a stationary cut-off head member and a stationary crowning head member having s aced cam faces, a shaft journaled in said earings, a movable cut off head member and a movable crowning head membercarried by said shaft with their confronting faces spaced apart and provided with spaced die guides throu h which the dies ex tionary crowning head member each having spaced cam faces, a shaft journaled in said bearings, a movable cut-off head member and a movable crowning head member spaced apart and carried by said shaft, die slides movably-mounted upon said movable cut-oflt' member, die slides movably-mounted upon said movable crowning head member, punches operating through the dies of said movable cutoff head member, punches operating through the dies of said movable crowning head member, said dies and punches adapted to be operated respectively by said cam faces, and means for continuously rotatingsaid shaft and the members carried thereby.

5. In an apparatus of the class described, a sup orting base, spaced bearings carried by sai base and provided respectively with a stationary cut-off head member and a stationary crowning head member spaced apart and provided with cam faces and cam grooves, a shaft journaled in Said bearings, amovable cut-off head member and a movable crowning head member spaced apart and carried by said shaft, die slides carrying tubular dies movably-mounted upon said movable head members and provided with rollers adapted to respectively engage said cam faces and with studs respectively engaging said cam grooves, punch slides. movable in said die slides and carrying punches movable through said dies, said punch guides provided with rollers adapted to respectively engage said ,cam faces and with depending studs engaging the cam grooves, and means for continuously rotating said shaft and the members carried thereby.

6. In an apparatus of the class described, a supporting base, spaced bearings carried by said base and provided respectively with a stationary cut-off head member and a stationary crowning head member having spaced cam faces, a shaft journaled in said bearings, a movable cut-off head member and a movable crowning head member, spaced apart and carried by said shaft, -,die slides movably-mounted upon said movable-cutoff head member and movable crowning head member and carrying dies adapted to be operated by said cam faces, punches movable through said dies and adapted to be 0perated by said cam faces, means for continuously rotating said shaft and. the members carried thereby, a housing carried by said base, shafts mounted in said housing, feed rollers carried by said shafts, ratchet wheels carried by the shaft of one of said feed rollers, pawls operatively connected to said ratchet wheels, eccentrics operatively connected to said pawls, and means whereby the motion of said continuously rotating shaft is communicated to said eccentrics.

7. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a base support, a driving shaft mounted for rotation through said base, a cut-off head and a crowning head each com-. prising a stationary portion and a revolving portion, the revolving portions being connected to said shaft and with their confronting faces spaced apart, dies movably-disposed respectively in said cut-off head and said crowning head, punches operating through said dies, means carried by the revolving portions of said cut-off head and said crowning head members for engagement with the stationary portions of said members, means for actuating said drive shaft and the members of the cut-off head and'crown head carried thereby, and means for intermittently actuating said dies and punches.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

ULYSSES G. DAVIS.

Witnesses:

MAX H. SRoLovITZ, A. J. Tmeo. 

